The format might be little bit off, but that’s only because of edublogs, not me.
Sam Spade: A Morally-Flawed Detective
Ben Cousins
ENG-3UE-01
Rockland District High School
May 28, 2008
The novel, The Maltese Falcon, by Dashiell Hammett is a famous detective novel written in the thirties. It tells the story of detective Sam Spade, a hard-nosed, secretive man who seems to have no true friends and many enemies. He comes across the story of the Maltese Falcon, a priceless artifact that has been lost for hundreds of years. Sam is hired to found this statue and return it to his employer for a large pay check. Sam Spade seems to be a little out there and his morals do not seem to be in the right spot. His hard-boiled detective persona goes over the edge to the point where it is hard to determine whether he is the good guy or the bad one. During the novel, Spade’s morals were come into question repeatedly and he often made the wrong decision or he would make the right one but for the wrong reasons. Spade was a bad detective because he ignored his morals.
Spade let attractive women get in the way of his job. There were occasions where he would choose to help these people based on their face and their body. This often put him in tough positions when the person’s looks got in the way of solving the case. Most of the time, he does not choose a case because his morals told him to but rather the looks of the person.
‘Well, don’t dynamite her too much. What do you think of her?’ ‘Sweet! And you telling me not to dynamite her.’ Archer guffawed suddenly without merriment. ‘Maybe you saw her first, but I spoke first.’ He put his hands in his trousers-pockets and teetered on his heels.
(Hammett, 10)
This is Sam and his partner, Miles Archer’s, reaction to Ms. Wonderly, a beautiful woman in need of little assistance. Her job is only for one or two days at the most. This is something that these two detectives don’t typically do but because she is very beautiful and the money is good they decide to help her out.
He got up and stood close behind her. He put his arms around her. He kissed her neck between ear and coat collar. He said: ‘Now Iva, don’t’ His face was expressionless. When she had stopped crying he put his mouth to her ear and murmured: ‘You shouldn’t have to come here today, precious. It wasn’t wise. You can’t stay. You ought to be home’
(Hammett, 26)
This is Spade consoling with Iva Archer, his partner’s wife after the murder of Miles. At this point Spade is having an affair with her. His affair put him at a tough position as he is now the prime suspect for the murder. Your morals have to greatly come into question if you have an affair with your lifelong partner’s wife. Yet he let temptation get the best of him again.
Sam Spade was a very greedy man. He didn’t care who he hurt or who he stole from in order to get what he wants. When it comes down to getting what he wants or doing the right thing, he will almost always choose getting what he wants. In the novel the temptations of great money were prominent throughout the novel and, in many cases; the moral decision was outweighed by the idea of riches. Gutman, Sam’s client offered him ten thousand dollars to find the Maltese Falcon. When he found it, Sam did not want to give it up because he realized that it was actually worth much more than that. Sam had a job to do and he was prepared to scam his client in order to get rich.
He put a hand down on the bird. His widespread fingers had ownership in their curving. He put his other arm around Effie Perrine and crushed her body against his ‘We’ve got the damned thing angel,’ he said
(Hammett, 159)
When Brigid came back to spade after the death of Thursby and Miles, she seemed quite shaken. She asked him for a little additional protection. Spade knew that she had a lot of money and decided to take advantage of that.
She went into her bedroom, returning almost immediately with a sheaf of paper money in one hand. He took the money from her, counted it, and said: ‘There’s only four hundred here.’ ‘I had to keep some to live on,’ she explained meekly, putting a hand to her breast. ‘You can’t get anymore?’ ‘No.’ ‘You must have something you can raise money on,’ he insisted. ‘I’ve got some rings, a little jewelry.’
(Hammett, 40)
She seemed clearly distraught because of the recent events and yet, Spade still demands more money from her. It seems as though she has already given Spade everything she has. When he realizes that he asks for her jewelry as a payment. It is morally terrible to do such a thing to someone who obviously shaken.
When the falcon turns out to be a fake and that all the work everyone in the story has done is for not; Gutman asks for his money back from Spade. He originally doesn’t want to give the money back but elects to be an honorable man. “‘I held up my end. You got your dingus. It’s your hard luck, not mine, that it wasn’t what you wanted’” (Hammett, 203). Gutman checks the money only to notice that a thousand dollars has been stolen from him. Spade admits to have taken it but only to “‘take care of my time and expenses’” (Hammett, 204) something that is against the policy of many detectives.
Sam only cares about himself and his own safety. His motto throughout the novel seems to be “as long as it’s not me I don’t care.” In the words of Wikipedia: “Sam Spade combined several features of previous detectives, most notably his cold detachment, keen eye for detail, and unflinching determination to achieve his own justice.” Underline mine (“The Maltese Falcon”). When he is informed of the death of Miles Archer, his longtime partner, he did not even spread an ounce of remorse for him. “Hello….Yes, speaking….Dead? …Yes….Fifteen minutes. Thanks” (Hammett, 11). This was the call Sam got to inform him if his partner’s death. It doesn’t seem as though he even feels remotely sad about his loss.
At one point during the novel, Spade feels as though the police will arrest him for two murders. But he has something to bargain with, the Maltese Falcon. Just as he is about to give Gutman the falcon, he demands to have someone to take the blame for the two murders, a fall guy. The police would likely figure out that the actual murderer is not him but he doesn’t care as long as his back has been covered he feels alright.
‘I’m not a damned bit afraid of them and I know how to handle them. That’s what I’m trying to tell you. The way to handle them is to toss them a victim, somebody they can hang the works on.’
(Hammett, 176)
He doesn’t care about the life of the fall guy that he could be ruining as long as he’s safe.
If Sam chooses to make the right decision, it is usually for the wrong reasons. When finally chooses to the thing that seems morally right, it comes clear that it was only because it will be for his safety or because it will make him look bad. Miss. Wonderly also known as Brigid O’Shaunessay confessed to the murder of Miles Archer, Spade is faced with a tough decision, either turn her in for murder and lose his relationship with her or not and keep her. He decides to turn her in, the moral decision. It becomes evident later that he only turned her in because it would have been bad for business.
“Well, when one of your organization gets killed it’s bad business to let the killer get away with it. It’s bad all around – bad for that one organization, bad for every detective everywhere.”
(Hammett, 214)
When Spade finally found the priceless figurine, we debated whether to give it to his employer, Gutman, or to keep it for himself and live in eternal happiness. He decided to give Gutman the figurine but only because he knew that Spade had it and that his life was on the line.
‘Naturally I wanted to see you as soon as I had the falcon. Cash customers- why not? I went to Burlingame expecting to run into this sort of meeting. [...] trying to get me out of the way so you could find Jacobi again before he found me.’
Brackets mine (Hammett, 173).
This was Spade’s excuse as to why he hadn’t given him the falcon earlier, while having a gun pointed to his back.
If you’re a detective, your ability to trust people and get them to trust you has to be one of your greatest attributes. It seems that Spade cannot trust anyone. He won’t get along with the cops or the crooks. He many instances he doesn’t seem to trust with the police. These men are supposed to be helping him but he doesn’t seem to trust them whatsoever.
‘You’ll tell it to me or you’ll tell it in court,’ Dundy said hotly. ‘This is murder and don’t you forget it.’ ‘Maybe. And here’s something for you not to forget, sweetheart. I’ll tell it or not as I damned please. It’s a long while since I burst out crying because policemen didn’t like me.’
(Hammett, 19)
This is early in the novel when two policemen come to his door ask him a few questions as to the deaths of Miles Archer and Floyd Thursby. A moral person would help the policemen with their investigation but not Sam Spade.
There is another point in the novel where the police come to his door to question him. He again doesn’t seem to have any desire to help them. This time, he refuses to let them in the door.
‘Don’t be a hog,’ he said. ‘You oughtn’t try to pin more than one murder at a time on me. Your first idea that I knocked Thursby off because he’d killed Miles falls apart if you blame me for killing miles too.’
(Hammett, 71)
The policemen seemed to only want to talk with him but again Sam cannot trust the police for anything.
It is not only the police that he can’t trust he also has an even worse time with the criminals. It seems that no one can be trusted. When Sam first meets Joel Cairo a man looking for the Maltese Falcon, Spade seems to not trust him completely and says nothing in mockery of Cairo. A fight breaks lose almost instantly.
Spade’s elbow dropped as Spade spun to the right. Cairo’s face jerked back but not far enough: Spade’s right heel on the patent-leathered toes anchored the smaller man in the elbow’s path. [...] the ruby-set green tie bunching out over his knuckles- while his right hand stowed the captured weapon away in a coat pocket.
Brackets mine (Hammett, 46).
Spade is not a very trusting man and a very aggressive man. When the two are combined morals are destroyed.
He even has trouble trusting the one person that has been helping him from the start of the novel, Brigid O’Shaunessay. Just as it seemed that they would run off into the sunset together, he turns her into to the cops for the murder of his partner. Even though Spade never really liked his partner (hence the affair with his wife), he felt that Brigid could no longer be trusted.
‘What of it? I should trust you? You who arranged that nice little trick for-for my predecessor, Thursby? You who knocked off Miles, a man you had nothing against, in cold blood, just like swatting a fly, for the sake of double-crossing Thursby? You who double-crossed Gutman, Cairo, Thursby? You who’ve never played square with me for half an hour at a stretch since I’ve known you? I should trust you? No, no, darling. I wouldn’t even if I could. Why should I?’
(Hammett, 212)
She didn’t really double-cross any of those people, she only killed Miles out of impulse and uncertainty. She was an honest woman who was left in a tough position. Spade knew this but still couldn’t trust her.
Well as you can see Sam Spade could have done a better job as a detective if he listened to his morals. He would have had more people helping him with cases. He would have more respect with his fellow detectives, policemen and even his suspects. There are instances throughout the novel where the case could have ended if he wasn’t so morally flawed. He only cared about himself and that was probably his biggest flaw.
Referances
•1. Hammett, Dashiell. The Maltese Falcon. 1st. New York: Vintage Books, 1930.
•2. Wikipedia, “The Maltese Falcon.” Wkipedia. 2008. 28 May 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Maltese_Falcon>.